What Is Malware?

Malware is any software designed to harm or disrupt a computer system or network. It can take many forms, including viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware, spyware and adware.

admin

12.08.2024

15 min read

The Dangers of Malware

Malware is very dangerous and can compromise your personal, private, and financial data, including:

• Credit card numbers
• Bank login details
• Passwords

The major threats of malware comes in the form of ransomware, where you are unable to gain access to your computer unless you pay the ransom fees. Of course, once you do this, the attacker can repeat the process, knowing you are a willing victim. 

Ransomware attacks aren’t going away anytime soon either. In fact, there were 59% of organizations (more than every 2nd organization) hit with this type of malware in 2024. 

The 6 Most Dangerous Types of Malware Attacks

Here are the most dangerous types of malware and how to prevent them. 

Adware

An adware attack is what it sounds like – software connected to advertisements. Adware has programs designed to display adverts on your smartphone and computer. It redirects your search requests to ad sites and collects data about you. 

Once this data is collected, the adware then delivers custom adverts to you. Adware usually comes bundled with other malicious files and programs that have been downloaded. 

It is not always harmful but has the potential to be. 

The most common examples of adware include:

• Browser hijackers
• Pop-up ads
• Toolbar hijackers
• Ad-supported software
• Drive-by downloads

Adware often slows down your computer’s performance on a massive scale and can crash the whole system. Malicious adware hijacks your browser and redirects you to harmful websites. Some adware even contains trojan viruses and spyware.

Usually, there is no uninstall option for adware, which means they’re hard to remove. Adware can be so sophisticated at times that certain antivirus solutions aren’t always able to detect them.

Botnets

Botnet stands for “robot network,” and is a collection or network of computers that are all infected by malware, and are all simultaneously under the control of the “bot-herder.” 

The bot-herder is a single attacking party. Every computer that the bot-herder controls is referred to as a bot. The bot is able to send commands to each machine on its botnet, from one central location, to do criminal actions.

This allows for large-scale criminal actions and due to the fact that botnets are all under the control of a remote attacker, all the computers that have been infected are able to get updates and change their behavior automatically. 

Botnet malware include:

• Email spam
• DDoS attacks
• Financial breaches
• Targeted intrusions

Crypto Jacking

Crypto jacking is the unauthorized use of people’s computers, devices, and smartphones to mine cryptocurrencies. It’s malware that typically uses only a small part of your device’s resources. 

Therefore crypto jacking can occur for a long period of time before you notice it. There are 2 main ways that attackers are able to do this. 

• The first way is to send a link through email or text message to someone, and once that link is clicked, a crypto mining script is downloaded. It then runs in the background and mines crypto for the attacker using your computer and sends it back to the attacker.
• The second way is via web-based crypto jacking where the attacker will inject scripts into sites that they’ve exploited or through cleverly disguised ads. Once you visit these exploited sites, the script then executes straight away without being downloaded.

Malvertising

Malvertising is an online ad trying to spread malware on your computer, device, or smartphone. These come in the form of pop-up ads and banners that redirect you to certain links that, when clicked upon, will spread on your computer. 

Malvertising adds an added security risk, as they can cause damage simply by viewing a website where they pop up. 

Online publishers sell advertisements through ad networks and exchanges. Advertisers then bid on these ad spaces so that they can place their adverts on the publisher’s web page. These ads can automatically infect your system without the need to click on them.

Supercharge Your Business Security

Request Demo

Start Now

Polymorphic Malware

Polymorphic malware changes itself each time it is downloaded. Therefore the same malicious link can contain different files, each containing malicious code. 

The attack codes remain the same, but everything around it changes and morphs itself many times over, hence the name polymorphic malware. It is essentially different types of malicious software all causing the same harm.

The main reason polymorphism is used is to avoid being detected by security solutions – it’s so effective that 97% of malware infections use polymorphic techniques.

Antiviruses, firewalls, and IPS are not effective against polymorphic malware.

Ransomware

Ransomware is a malicious software program created to block complete access to a computer system until a ransom is paid. 

In other words, your data and computer are held prisoner until payment occurs. 

Ransomware attacks are often targeted towards large corporations, ensuring better criminal payouts. However, there are effects of malware on everyday people as they, for instance, affect schools and delay chemotherapy treatment.

Remote Administration Tools (RATs)

A RAT stands for “remote administration tool,” and is malicious software that people can use to control a technical device from afar. Examples of RAT technology include; 

• TeamViewer
• BlackShades
• CyberGate
• NanoCore

RATs allow the user to gain access to your system, in the same way as if they had physical access to the device you have. Through this access, the user can look through your files, use your camera, and even have the ability to switch your device both off and on. 

RATs are often downloaded without your knowledge, and present malware threats where private data can be stolen, your keyboard can become blocked, or other malware can be installed.

Rootkits

Rootkits are designed to remain hidden on your technical device. They are a collection of malicious software that enables access to a technical device to an unauthorized user, in other words, the hacker trying to break into your system. 

They often mask themselves as the existence of alternative software. The way a rootkit works is by executing code on your system without your knowledge or consent. 

It can be a component bundled with malware which will hide the malicious process’ existence.

In addition to the damage they cause, rootkits are able to:

• Deactivate antivirus and anti-malware software
• Hurt user-mode apps
• Spy on user behavior
• Launch DDoS attacks

Spyware

Spyware is malware installed on your computer without your knowledge. It steals information and and passes it on to data firms, as well external users, including:

• Personal details
• Internet usage information

Any software downloaded without your knowledge can be deemed as “spyware.” Spyware examples include keyloggers, rootkits, and browser hijackers. One of the main goals of spyware is to gain access to credit card details, banking information, as well as personal passwords. 

Spyware often reduces the speed of both processor and network connection speeds and can affect data usage and battery life on a smartphone. 

Trojans Malware

Trojan malware works in the following way: a hacker will send an email containing a malicious program that will need to be downloaded. 

Once the download is clicked, malware is transferred to the victim’s device through the program. Then the malicious code can carry out any task that the hacker intends. Once trojan malware is transferred and activated, it can negatively impact performance and put the victim at risk.

Trojans are able to give hackers:

• Backdoor control over your device
• The ability to record keystrokes
• Steal sensitive user data
• Download a virus or worm
• Encrypt user data and extort money for the key
• Activate a device’s camera and recording capabilities
• Turn the PC into a zombie computer so that it can carry out fraud or illegal actions

Law enforcement uses this malware at times to legally obtain data that will help in criminal investigations. 

Virus Malware

A virus is a type of malware that is disguised in the form of a program, causing damage by gaining access to your PC or device. It’s able to copy personal data, slow down a device, and cause loss of applications and documents. 

It spreads in the form of duplication and attaches itself to other files, similar to the spread of a virus within the body. Viruses tend to be smaller pieces of code in relation to other types of malware that can fuse with other programs or files and only replicate when conditions are right.

Therefore, they can be triggered by:

• Specific date or time
• Opening a certain program
• Hitting a certain amount of disk usage

Once a virus is triggered, it copies itself and spreads and causes infections to a plethora of files and programs in its path, as well as over a network at times. 

Worm Malware

Worms find their way on devices through software vulnerabilities, as well as attachments in spam emails or even IMs (instant messages). 

When these attachments are opened, they direct the user to a website that is malicious in nature. 

Even worse, is that these dummy sites look identical to the real ones, making it that more confusing for the unsuspecting user. When a worm infects a new system, the first thing it does is look for more systems to infect, usually by exploring the infected system and its network connections. 

Systems running older versions or using unpatched software remain most vulnerable to the attack. That’s why it is highly recommended to fix all patches and update to the latest software.

Malware Examples – 10 Famous Malware Attacks

There have been a number of malware attacks and different types of malware threats floating around each day. Here are the 10 most infamous malware attacks in recent years.

ILOVEYOU (2000)

This worm disguised itself as a harmless love letter and was one of the most popular and common malware threats, received by the victim as an email. The ILOVEYOU worm made its mark, infecting over 45 million devices in the 2000s, and cost approximately $15 billion in damages.

This worm is seen as one of the very first examples of social engineering used in such attacks. Once executed, it was able to self-replicate by using the victim’s email.

MyDoom Worm (2004)

The MyDoom worm had huge expectations of itself, and became infamous in the process, as it tried to hit some of the biggest tech giants in the world, like Microsoft and Google. The worm spread via email using subjects such as “Mail Delivery System,” “Error,” and “Test.”

MyDoom allowed for DDoS attacks and remote control access. Millions of dollars were lost due to this worm.

Zeus Trojan (2004)

Zeus, named after the Greek god of the sky, and chief Greek deity, is trojan malware spread through malicious files that hide in fake websites and emails, typically as a result of a phishing attack. The Zeus Trojan copied keystrokes and stole private credentials and passwords of email accounts, as well as bank accounts.

Huge companies like Amazon, Cisco, and even Bank of America were all attacked by the virus, and the total financial damage of it and its variants cost over $100 million.

Stuxnet Worm (2010)

The Stuxnet worm created in 2010 was used in a political attack on the nuclear program of Iran and exploited many Windows zero-day vulnerabilities. This exceptionally sophisticated worm can infect devices through USB drives, meaning an Internet connection is not necessary for infection. 

Once it is installed, it then takes control of the system. Many believe that its creation came from the orders of a certain government.

CryptoLocker Ransomware (2013)

The CryptoLocker ransomware made its mark in history, specifically because it used such an exceptionally large encryption key, which made it very difficult to decrypt. Unfortunately, it has infected over 200K Windows systems and caused damage of over $3 million. It was spread through emails containing malicious files disguised as PDF files.

Petya Ransomware (2016)

This is a frustrating malware, as Petya blocks Windows OS, with release only through payment of a ransom. This is a serious ransomware with variants to the original that have caused $10 billion in damages since its creation. It has affected oil and shipping companies, banks, and airports, among other industries in the world.

WannaCry Ransomware (2017)

WannaCry is one of the most infamous of all ransomware attacks. It introduced itself to victims through phishing emails and exploited a vulnerability in Windows. This ransomware has affected universities, hospitals, and large, well-known, companies like Renault, Telefonica, Nissan, and FedEx. In total, victims have lost over $4 billion.

Emotet Trojan (2018)

The United States Department of Homeland Security called Emotet a trojan malware of exceptional danger and destruction. This is because it stole so much financial data from victims, like login details for banks, as well as cryptocurrencies.

Emotet has spread itself through malicious emails as spam and phishing campaigns. It caused $2 million worth of damages to Consorcio, a Chilean bank, and losses of $1 million to the city of Allentown, Pennsylvania.

LockerGoga Ransomware (2019)

LockerGoga is ransomware that spreads through malicious emails and phishing scams. It also steals victims’ credentials and blocks access to systems. 

It has infected huge companies like Hydro and Altran Technologies and has caused a tremendous amount of financial damage, in the millions, in both advanced and targeted attacks.

CovidLock Ransomware (2020)

It was obvious that out of the Covid-19 pandemic of 2020, malicious software would arise, especially since the world shifted mainly to online purchases and attackers could easily exploit these vulnerabilities. CovidLock, so aptly named, is ransomware that infects via malicious files promising to offer more information about the Coronavirus.

Once installed, it is then able to encrypt data from Android devices and denies data access to those who have fallen victim to it. The ransom fee is $100 per device, in order for access to be regained.

And there you have it, 10 powerful and costly malware examples that will help you learn about malware. Having more information on malware and its types helps prepare organizations with precautionary measures against potential attacks. 

Supercharge Your Business Security

Request Demo

Start Now

How to Prevent Malware

The easiest way to prevent malware is to avoid downloading malicious files and malicious code by connecting to a secured Cloud VPN as a malware protection service that protects you from cybersecurity malicious code.

Aside from that, here are X most effective ways to prevent malware.

• Use Antivirus Software: Regularly update your antivirus software to detect and remove the latest threats.
• Keep Software Updated: Install security patches and updates for your operating system, web browser, and other software to address vulnerabilities.
• Be Cautious of Downloads: Only download files from trusted sources and avoid clicking on suspicious links or attachments.
• Use Strong Passwords: Create complex, unique passwords for your online accounts to prevent unauthorized access.
• Enable Multi-Factor Authentication: Add an extra layer of security by requiring multiple forms of verification, such as a code sent to your phone.
• Be Mindful of Phishing Attempts: Be wary of emails or messages that ask for personal information or request you to click on suspicious links.
• Use a Firewall: A firewall can help protect your network from unauthorized access.
• Educate Yourself: Stay informed about the latest malware threats and best practices for online safety.
• Avoid Public Wi-Fi: Be cautious when using public Wi-Fi networks, as they can be less secure.
• Regularly Back Up Your Data: Create backups of your important files to protect them in case of malware infection or other data loss.

Malware Detection: The Ultimate Way

This is what you need to look out for when your computer might be infected and you want to detect malware on your computer.

1. Your Browser Homepage Changed By Itself

Malware has possibly found its way onto your system and an easy way to spot this is through homepage abnormalities. Perhaps there is unusual behavior or you have a new toolbar, or possibly get redirected to a strange web address than the one you have accessed. This can happen in the blink of an eye once you’ve clicked on a malicious link on a website or pop-up window, and malware then gets downloaded and installed on your PC. 

2. Pop-Up Messages Occur

Many fake pop-up messages may occur from “Microsoft” or “antivirus” companies that aren’t from the well-known and trusted companies at all, but rather a malicious code waiting for you to click on it so it can unleash harm and wreak havoc on your system

3. Unfamiliar Icons Appear On Your Desktop

If you are bombarded with new and unfamiliar icons on your device, there is a great chance they were downloaded without notice. These are called PUPs which stand for “Potentially Unwanted Programs,” and can cause a lot of damage to your system.

4. Unusual Error Messages

You may notice error messages indicating missing or corrupt file folders which let you know that your system has been tampered with, affecting performance. This is an indication that malware has indeed infected your system.

5. Suspicious Shortcut Files Appear

When you notice shortcut files that weren’t there before, be aware that you may have malware installed on your computer, especially if you cannot access these files and notice they contain important data such as documents and private images.

6. Your System Keeps Crashing

If you find that your system keeps freezing or crashing, it is a big sign that it is infected with malware. An effective anti-malware program must be used as soon as possible to remediate the problem.

7. Increased Traffic

Suspiciously high Internet traffic and network activity are signs that your computer has been hit by some form of malware. 

Abnormalities can also occur in Google Analytics, drastically skewing your data. It is therefore recommended to set up exclusion filters to wean out the fishy websites from your data traffic.

8. Control Panel Problems

You may have downloaded malware onto your system if you cannot access your control panel. Should this happen, run a full scan of your computer and see if any viruses or malware is detected.

9. Slowed-Down Computer

It doesn’t matter how fast the internal processor of your computer is, if you have malware it will slow down its performance and could crash your system while you are working. Older computers should be updated routinely and firewalls should be administered by IT to safeguard against suspicious websites.

10. Unsent “Sent” Messages to Friends

If you receive messages from colleagues, friends, and family on social media networks like Facebook saying they received messages from you (usually accompanied with links) and you didn’t actually send them, malware has found its way onto your system and hacked into your private account data. 

Never open any suspicious looking link sent from a friend as it could be a malicious bot waiting on the other side.

Supercharge Your Business Security

Request Demo

Start Now

How to Get Rid of Malware

Here are some steps to take if you believe your device might be infected with malware:

1. Disconnect from the Internet: This will prevent the malware from spreading or communicating with its command-and-control server.
2. Scan with Antivirus Software: Run a full system scan with your antivirus software to detect and remove any malware.
3. Isolate Infected Files: If your antivirus software identifies infected files, isolate them in a quarantine folder to prevent them from spreading.
4. Update Software: Ensure that your operating system, antivirus software, and other programs are up-to-date with the latest security patches.
5. Reset Browser Settings: If you suspect browser-based malware, reset your browser’s settings to their defaults.
6. Check for Unusual Activity: Look for any unusual or suspicious activity on your device, such as unexpected programs running or files being deleted.
7. Consider Professional Help: If you’re unable to resolve the malware infection yourself, consider consulting a computer technician or cybersecurity expert.

Prevent & Remove Malware with Perimeter81

Every organization, regardless of size or industry, should have a malware protection plan set in place in order to protect personal data and avoid malware. 

Perimeter 81 goes the next step when it comes to malware defense by enforcing a strict Zero Trust security framework on the belief that organizations should never trust and always verify. 

Here are the key reasons why our solution is so powerful for malware protection:

• Secured Remote Access: Ensure that your remote workforce is properly secured no matter where they are, from which device, and from any location. 
• Multi-Layered Security Protection: A Zero Trust Software-Defined Perimeter enables encrypted traffic tunnels and gateways with the highest level of multi-factor security.
• Central Policy Management: Enforce strict policy compliance and create custom access policies based on user, device, location to protect critical resources from malicious activity. 

In a time where remote work has become the “new norm”, it is crucial to have malware prevention software such as a well-secured and scalable Business VPN to protect your network and employees from external threats.

Do you have more questions? Let’s Book a Demo Now.